Thursday, September 3, 2020
Plan an Entire Year of Content with this Retail Marketing Events Calendar Template
Plan an Entire Year of Content with this Retail Marketing Events Calendar Template Youââ¬â¢re presumably believing that itââ¬â¢s excessively prospective arranging next yearââ¬â¢s retail showcasing schedule. In any case, why postponed until tomorrow what you can do today? Actually, there are a ton of advantages to arranging your retail and web based business promoting campaignsâ early. A couple include: Youââ¬â¢ll begin filling your deals funnelâ early, which means individuals will be nearer to settling on a buy choice when pinnacle purchasing periods move around. Working far ahead of time implies youââ¬â¢ll have more opportunity to develop a lot of showcasing runway. You can be progressively inventive, since youââ¬â¢ll have a lot of time to do it right. There will be less a minute ago fire-drills, making your work life increasingly reasonable. While Iââ¬â¢m not anticipating that you should have the entirety of your retail advertising exercises for one year from now arranged, this layout and infographic should assist you with working up in any event a quarter or a greater amount of showcasing efforts. In the event that youââ¬â¢re not prepared to begin arranging yet â⬠no issue. Itââ¬â¢ll be here sitting tight for you when youââ¬â¢re prepared to begin. Thereââ¬â¢s even a printable retail showcasing infographic and schedule layout to help you when itââ¬â¢s time to get arranging. Retail Marketing Calendar Templates Before getting into the stray pieces of arranging your retail promoting schedule, youââ¬â¢ll need to download these formats. Youââ¬â¢ll find: à A Marketing Campaign Planning Templateâ to sort out your whole retail showcasing effort. A Retail Marketing Calendar with all the up and coming occasions to design your crusades around. A Printable Retail Marketing Infographicâ to stay aware of all the key promoting dates. What is a Retail Marketing Calendar? Letââ¬â¢s start by examining a little about what a retail schedule really is. A retail advertising and occasions schedule is normally a spreadsheet that gives the showcasing group a solitary wellspring of truth for all the up and coming promoting exercises. Itââ¬â¢s the feathered creatures eye perspective on the advertising system, new product dispatches up and coming occasions and limited time plans. A strong schedule should diagram cutoff times, assignments, and every single required move that must make place for substance to distribute on schedule. The archive ensures your promoting exercises go from creative mind to the real world. Organizations who sell an item by means of a blocks and cement, web based business store, or spring up shop would all be able to profit by a retail promoting schedule. Arranging Your Retail Marketing Events and Campaigns When plunking down to begin planning about your up and coming retail and deals battles, there are a couple of things you can do to ensure your drives are effective. A few advertisers feel that these means are an exercise in futility and remove exertion that could be utilized to deliver client confronting content. Be that as it may, advertisers are 356% bound to report successâ when they participate in a couple of arranging exercises before propelling a battle. Here are a couple of territories to concentrate on: Suggested Reading: The Marketing Management + Strategy Statistics You Need to Know in 2019 Objective and Objective Setting The primary objective of retail advertising is to carry guests to the storeâ⬠¦ be it an advanced or physical area. At that point, we have to change over these guests into paying clients. Seldom does a guest completeâ a buy their first time in the store. The purchasing cycle regularly includes various connections before making a deal. The individual will visit the store, see a promotion or web-based social networking post, follow the organization, pursue its mailing list, visit the store once more, put something in the shopping basket, relinquish the shopping basket, click an advertisement, go cold for half a month, open a rebate email, visit the store once more, lastly complete their buy. Itââ¬â¢s a tangled processâ⬠¦ and it can take weeks or even months. Characterizing objectives and destinations can assist you with understanding the frequently confused promoting pipe. Letââ¬â¢s experience how to set objectives that really add to the primary concern. ââ¬Å"Get more visitors.â⬠This is certifiably not an all around considered business objective. Why? Since it doesnââ¬â¢t indicate considerably more than a result. Your showcasing objectives need to give clear guideposts to what achievement resembles. At the end of the day. Your objectives should be S.M.A.R.T. Hereââ¬â¢s what your objective ought to resemble: ââ¬ËWe need 20,000 site guests and 5% changed over into leads, inside the following a year so as to accomplish our income objective of $1.2 million.â⬠Suggested Reading: The most effective method to Set Social Media Goals To Crush Your Business Objectives Discover Your Retail Marketing Goal With This Step-by-Step Process Start by making sense of how much income you have to produce and the amount you need to develop. Stage 1: Make sense of how much income you have to create and the amount you need to develop. Your organization sold $1 million worth of product a year ago. You need to develop by 20% in the coming year. That implies you have to sell $1.2 million one year from now. Hereââ¬â¢s the condition: Absolute Sales Previous Year x Percentage Growth = Revenue Increase $1 million x .20 = $200,000 $1 million + $200,000 = $1.2 million Stage 2: Compute the normal cost of your deals. Along these lines, you sold $1 million dollars in stock a year ago and you had around 20,000 absolute clients. That implies the normal individual burned through $50 in your store. Absolute Sales Previous Year/Total Number of Customers = Average Price of Each Sale $1 million/20,000 = $50 Stage 3: Make sense of what number of clients you have to arrive at your income objective. Accepting the normal offer of $50 stays steady... Youââ¬â¢ll need around 24,000 clients one year from now. Or then again 4,000 more than you had a year ago. All out Revenue Next Year/Average Sale Price = Total Customers Needed Next Year $1.2 million/$50 = 24,000 Stage 4: Ascertain your guest change rate. Not every person who visits your store will make a buy or become a client. You have to make sense of your transformation rate to make an exact estimation for what number of all out guests youââ¬â¢ll need to get to meet your income objective. Taking the numbers from over, your store had 1 million all out guests a year ago and 20,000 of them transformed into paying clients. All things considered, you changed over 2% of guests into paying clients. All out Customers/Total Visitors * 100 = Conversion Rate 20,000/1,000,000 * 100 = 2% Stage 5: Ascertain the all out number of guests you have to arrive at your development objective. The last advance is to make sense of what number of guests you have to acquire as an advertiser to arrive at the income objective of $1.2 million dollars in deals. Expecting you keep on changing over 2% of guests All out Customer Needed/Conversion Rate à = Total Visitors Needed 24,000/.02 = 1.2 Million Visitors Thatââ¬â¢s your north star as an advertiser. All that you do ought to be centered around driving 1.2 million individuals to visit your store. Conceptualize Ideas to Reach your Visitor Goals 1.2 million guests (or whatever guest number you determined utilizing the recipe above) arenââ¬â¢t going to simply mystically show up. Youââ¬â¢ve got the opportunity to do some extraordinary advertising to carry them to your store. To begin your meeting to generate new ideas, utilize this straightforward three-advance procedure. Stage 1: Get your promoting group together in a room. Have everybody go through ten minutes recording the same number of thoughts as they can. Donââ¬â¢t stress over the nature of those thoughts yet - you will vet the thoughts in sync 3. Stage 2: Spend ten minutes reciting every thought so anyone can hear. Have each colleague score each thought on a three-point scale. Threes are grand slams, twos are conceivable outcomes, and ones you can skip by and large. Stage 3: Spend ten additional minutes checking on every thought that everybody concurs is a three. These are your best thoughts and the ones you ought to go with. By following this procedure, you can wrap up your battle conceptualizing fifty-fifty hour to 60 minutes (contingent upon how much time you spend talking about thoughts toward the end). Guide All Your Best Projects on a Retail Marketing Calendar After youââ¬â¢ve made sense of all your best promoting thoughts, itââ¬â¢s time to get arranging. The format gave in the download above gives an essential establishment to begin. Basic populate the exceed expectations spreadsheet with every one of your thoughts, when youââ¬â¢re going to dispatch them and who will be included. Recall every individual task ought to have an objective to drive a specific number of guests. Hereââ¬â¢s how to utilize it: Iââ¬â¢ve made an anecdotal organization that sells fundamental children garments and frill. This movement plan gives a significant level for each battle that is descending the pipeline. In the following tab on the spreadsheet, youââ¬â¢ll discover a territory for the granular crusade subtleties. Start rounding out subtleties for each undertaking under the crusade. I began by making an anecdotal influencer outreach battle where 4 influencers will make supported substance on their Instagram takes care of. Give a short depiction of the venture, the financial plan, the objective, and due dates for each undertaking required. Next, you can fill in the due dates on the schedule format gave. This gives further explanation of due dates for each errand On the off chance that youââ¬â¢re kinda tired of dealing with a lot of various spreadsheetsâ⬠¦ Furthermore, youââ¬â¢re never extremely sure if individuals are on their tasksâ⬠¦ Have a go at arranging your retail showcasing exercises in. As opposed to having to continually refresh a spreadsheet, gives you a solitary rendition of truth so everybody can at long last jump in the same spot. Start by making a showcasing effort by picking the main choice called ââ¬Å"marketing campaignâ⬠. Once youââ¬â¢ve done this, youââ¬â¢ll see the crusade populate on your schedule. Next, include every individual task that will make up the battle. Iââ¬â¢ll start with th
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Incentive Plan (paraphrase) for my HR class Essay
Motivating force Plan (reword) for my HR class - Essay Example It is the obligation of the manager to lead a presentation evaluation on the workers in order to guarantee that the ideal execution result is accomplished in the association. To do this, distinctive execution evaluation techniques can be utilized. One of the strategies is the basic occurrence strategy where the chief will compose positive or negative execution conduct of a specific representative all through the presentation audit period. Another strategy that can be utilized is the weighted agenda technique where by an enormous rundown of spellbinding articulations of viable and inadequate conduct of the activity are appraised on every representative. The entire thought of execution evaluation is to guarantee that the business holds effective workers who can all in all perform towards the objective of the business. Execution examination is likewise utilized in motivation projects of representatives in the business. Motivator plans and affirmation programs regularly cover to achieve a shared objective by being administrator that expanded inspiration to perform. In any case, there are contrasts. Customarily, motivating forces are saved for sales reps and attached to explicit practices or results like selling a particular item or line of items.
Friday, August 21, 2020
The Development of International Relations Free Essays
Presentation This paper starts by delineating the definitions and what precisely is implied by global relations. Besides, it recounts to the narrative of how and why the investigation of global relations developed when it did, over the span of present day history. Despite the fact that, the history and the beginnings of this control alone doesn't uncover all that we have to think about how worldwide relations works nowadays, it absolutely would assist us with understanding the inheritance deserted by this studyââ¬â¢s unique reason, global additions and disasters, and by its conventional ways of thinking; clarifications beginning from the hour of the Great Powers, to the French Revolution, the first of the partnerships, the Industrial upset, the two World Wars alongside the ensuing Cold War, the framed universal associations, for example, the League of Nations and the United Nations, lastly, to where worldwide relations stands today. We will compose a custom paper test on The Development of International Relations or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The ultimate result of this paper is to make a nitty gritty comprehension on the perusers mind on how global relations formed into what it at present is â⬠a science, or rather a field of study â⬠over the span of the cutting edge history, beginning from the sixteenth century. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS? Worldwide relations is a field of study that looks to comprehend an assortment of worldwide issues, remote issues and the associations of countries and states inside the universal framework. Universal relations draw upon its skill from an assortment of different fields, for example, sociology, including topography, history, human science, political theory, financial matters, law, etcâ⬠¦ It is along these lines a moving field to ace because of its both various and complex nature. Carefully characterized, the field of International Relations (IR) concerns the connections among the worldââ¬â¢s governments. Be that as it may, these supposed worldââ¬â¢s governments or as it were country states, alone can't manage the occasions occurring in universal field. They in truth are associated or rather impacted by different on-screen characters, to be specific, between legislative associations (IGOs), global nongovernmental associations (INGOs), non-administrative associations (NGOs) and worldwide companies (MNCs) alongside other social structures, for example, financial matters, social contrasts and philosophy. Besides, the investigation of nternational relations has consistently been vigorously affected by regularizing contemplations, for example, the objective of decreasing furnished clash and expanding worldwide collaboration. Worldwide relations are an especially sign ificant part of citizenship in a worldwide society. As our reality decreases and littler through correspondence innovation, quick air transportation and a mind boggling universal economy and communications, the estimation of quiet and agreeable connections between countries is progressively significant. HISTORY The idea of universal relations in some way or another is presumably very old, given that people have been setting up governments and speaking with one another for a huge number of years. Parts of global relations have been read for a large number of years, since the hour of Thucydides, yet IR turned into a different and quantifiable order in the mid twentieth century. Nonetheless, numerous individuals concur that worldwide relations genuinely started to develop around the fifteenth century â⬠the beginning of the advanced period â⬠when individuals began investigating the world and communicating with different governments and societies. THE TREATY OF WESTPHALIA (1648) The cutting edge global framework is regularly dated from the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, which built up the standards of free, sovereign expressed that keep on molding the worldwide framework today. Many even think about this bargain, likewise knows as the Peace of Westphalia as the introduction of global relations as a field of study. The Treaty of Westphalia was a progression of harmony settlements marked among May and October 1648 in Osnabruck and Munster, Germany. These bargains finished the Thirty Yearsââ¬â¢ War (1618ââ¬1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Yearsââ¬â¢ War (1568ââ¬1648) among Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain officially perceiving the autonomy of the Dutch Republic. These bargains came about because of a major strategic gathering, along these lines starting another arrangement of political request in focal Europe, between the Hapsburg collusion (Austria-Hungury and Spain) and the Protestant nations (France, Britain, Sweden). Later it was called by numerous gatherings as the Westphalian power. The key factor to this ystem was the capacity of one state to adjust the intensity of another state so it couldn't get intensity of littler units and make an all inclusive domain, consequently shaping a connection between the numerous countries inside the European landscape. THE F RENCH REVOLUTION (1789 â⬠1799) The French Revolution (1789ââ¬1799), was a time of extreme social and political disturbance in France and one that had a significant effect on France as well as all through the remainder of Europe. The outright government that had managed France for quite a long time fallen inside a simple multi year term. Be that as it may, 5 chiefs set up control of the French state in 1795 and held force until 1799, when it was supplanted by the Consulate under Napoleon Bonaparte. Then, by the approaching finish of the eighteenth century Britainââ¬â¢s power increased because of industrialization alongside its opponent at that point, France. What was at one time the extraordinary powers in Europe and the adjoining territory were by this time starting to decrease, in particular Sweden, Netherlands and the Ottoman Empire. By and by, countries, for example, Russia and afterward followed by Prussia (the trailblazer of advanced Germany) likewise created in to significant players or rather extraordinary forces. THE NAPOLEANIC WARS (1803 â⬠1815) The Napoleonic Wars (1803ââ¬1815) were a progression of wars proclaimed against Napoleonââ¬â¢s French Empire by restricting alliances. The basic foundations for these Napoleonic Wars occurred because of numerous reasons. For a certain something, the French Revolution motivated a longing among the French to send out the beliefs of opportunity, uniformity and association. Subsequently, neighboring rulers, particularly the British Empire, discovered this exceptionally undermining. Napoleon happened to be both splendid and vigorous in guarding the state from its foes. In the long run, the elements of war and the adjustments in progressive soul made Napoleon King of France and the regions he had prevailed. Presently he turned into an alternate sort of danger as he needed to keep up his prevalence and control in France through success of neighboring states. Along these lines France, a solitary, exceptionally ground-breaking European state was viewed as a risk to world strength and must be put down. One way or the other France was vanquished at the Battle of Waterloo by a union of Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Prussia. In any case, Europeââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ incomparable, the British domain understanding the danger that another difficult country (the Napoleonââ¬â¢s realm) could bring upon, and in this manner built up a collusion with individual European countries in 1815 named as the Congress of Vienna. THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1814 â⬠1815) The Congress of Vienna was a gathering of represetatives of European states led by the Austrian legislator and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815. The target of the Congress was to settle the numerous issues emerging from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire. This is to date considered as one of the principal the most unmistakable unions, or a progression of relations between countries throughout the entire existence of worldwide relations. THE CONCERT OF EUROPE (1815 â⬠1914) The Convert of Europe was the level of influence that existed in Europe from the finish of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) to the flare-up of World War I (1914). Its establishing powers were Austria, Prussia, the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom, the individuals from the Quadruple Alliance which was answerable for the defeat of the First French Empire. In any case, in time France was built up as a fifth individual from the show. The Concert of Europe, be that as it may, is firmly associated with the congress of Vienna. It was the level of influence that existed in Europe from the fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the start of the First World War. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760 â⬠1830) The term Industrial Revolution is ordinarily saved for a lot of occasions that occurred in Britain generally from 1760 to 1830. The verifiable occasions being referred to comprised of a lot of innovative, financial, and social changes that over the long haul altered the British economy as well as that of the remainder of Western Europe, North America, and inevitably a great part of the remainder of the world. For Instance, The modern Revolution started in Britain with the development of the steam motor in 1769. Wooden cruising ships were ceased underway. Rather, the assembling of bigger and quicker coal controlled iron steamships had its spot. These achievements put Britain as the main job in worldââ¬â¢s economy alongside two different contenders; USA from the west ; Japan from East. These advancements in the fields of marine, street proceeding to rail streets expanded the world creation and exchange as well as tied far off areas all the more intently together progressively quicker and all the more monetarily. Moreover, Britain ruled world exchange this period because of its progression in innovation was route better than average at that point. In this manner, it items met gigantic rivalry and accordingly British Policy will in general kindness unhindered commerce. The United Stated in any case overwhelmed the British regarding economy before the finish of the nineteenth century, in spite of the way that they endured incredibly
Friday, June 12, 2020
South Africa stock market data - Free Essay Example
Background Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) was introduced by William Sharpe (1964), Jan Mossin (1966) and John Lintner (1969) separately. This model has been regarded as a great contribution to financial economics. According to Fama and French (1992), the model has long shaped the way academics and practitioners think about average return and risk. In practice, it is the most used investment model by fund managers and analysts to determine risk and return of assets. Because of CAPMs importance in the world of finance, it has been largely tested and its validity has become debatable. Earlier testing of CAPM by Lintner(1965), Black(1972) and Fama and Macbeth(1973) found a strong positive relationship between return and risk (measured by beta). But not all empirical studies have achieved the same results. For instance, Corhay et al (1987) found no relationship between beta and returns for US, UK, France and Belgium for the period of 1969-1983. Similarly, Fama and French (1992) found no relationship between US beta and returns over the period of 1963-1990 and only a weak one from 1941-1990(Fabozzi, 2002). Fama and French claimed that other factors other than beta explained the returns contrary to CAPM. Their research showed that size and book-to-market equity were a more appropriate measure of risk, since they signific antly explained cross-sectional changes in average returns. The importance of size and book-to-market equity has been extensively tested in Developed markets as well as emerging markets such as Hong Kong and Japanese. Moreover, further studies on the relationship of beta and returns have also been tested in US, UK, French, Hong Kong, Swiss, Australian, German, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexican markets (Morelli 2007). But none of such research has been tested using Africas data. This research aims to apply a similar empirical test on South Africas market data to explore the relationship between average share returns and these variables; beta, size and book-to-market equity. Since, this will be the first comprehensive study of this kind on an African emerging market, it looks promising. The finding will give an insight into the behavior share returns in Africa emerging capital markets which could aid investment and financial decision-making. Moreover, since I have a keen interest in stock market investments, a discovery of the factors that truly affect returns in my part of the world, will not only place me at an advantage of managing portfolios constructed in such markets that could yield high return, but also keep me motivated to start and finish the research. Preliminary Literature Review The two most important attributes of every investment is return and risk (Rutterford and Davison 2007: 40). The goal of every investor, who is usually assumed to be risk-averse, is to maximize the return on investment while minimizing the likelihood that the expected return will be achieved, that is, risk. There is a lot of the existing literature on the effects of risk on stock investment returns and models have been development to explore this relationship. CAPM is one of such models and is widely used by investment analyst and fund managers as it serves as a useful benchmark (Haugen 1997:239,254); despite its several empirical contradictions. CAPM offered a theoretical framework that explained the relationship between risk and expected return (Rutterford and Davison 2007:222,250). CAPM also introduced beta as a measure of systematic risk. A central idea of CAPM is that only one risk, beta, affects long-term average return on an investment (Redhead 2003:160-161,167 ). Where expected return is directly proportionate to beta relative to the market portfolio (Burton 1998). CAPM stipulate that a risk-free rate of return and a risk premium, which is a function of beta is the only explanatory factor for cross-sectional variations in average returns and that it significantly measures risk. It also implied that a proportional relationship exists between beta and returns. Early empirical studies of Black (1972) and Fama and Macbeth (1973) using US market data supported this preposition. And more recently, Pettengill and Sundaram(1995) also came up with similar conclusion using US data, where they found significantly high relation between beta and average returns. But, other empirical tests have revealed otherwise. Some discovered no significant relationship between beta and returns while others discovered other explanatory factors that could explain returns and measure risk other than beta alone. Banz(1981) and Keim(1983) discovered th e firm size effect while Fama and French(1992) discovered book-to-market equity. These factors amongst others were found to significantly explain cross-sectional variations of average returns contrary to CAPMs preposition. Due its importance in the finance world, series of empirical studies have been carried out to test these explanatory factors (beta, size and book-to-market equity) on average stock return using different markets data. Such studies were primarily focused on US, but over the years the focus has shifted to other developed nations like UK as well as emerging markets. Corhay et al(1987), Levis and Liodakis(2001) and Fletcher (2002) studied the UK market; Hawawini et al(1983) studied French data and also studied Belgium data(Hawawini, Michel and Corhay 1985); Elsas et al (2003) studied Germany data; Hong Kong and Singapore(Yue-Cheong 1997), Korea and Taiwan(Yan-Leung, Kie-Ann and Yan- Ki 1993) and Istanbul(Akdeniz, Altay-Salih and Aydogan 2000) market dat a have also being tested for the effects of beta, size and book-to-market equity effects on average returns. More recent studies on beta, size and book-to-equity and returns were carried out by Ho et al(2006) on Hong Kong data; Morelli (2007) on UK data; and Wang and DI Lorio(2007) on Chinese data. The findings of these studies are varied; some found a significant relation of these variables with stock returns while others did not. From the above analysis, it is evident that such an analysis is lacking using data from an African market. I feel further studies need to be carried out also using Africa data in order to have a holistic view to aid in accepting/rejecting these factors as explanatory factors of stock returns. Research has proven that stock market returns in emerging markets has been characterised by high risk as well as high returns (Akdeniz, Altay-Salih and Aydogan 2000). These high returns have attracted a lot of capital inflow into such markets creating th e need to study the nature of stock returns in such markets more apparent. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2008), a common concern for investors about African countries is lack of consistent, reliable and timely information which this study will try to addredd by making information in respect to stock returns and risks available. Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) of South Africa could be seen as an example of an emerging market in terms of market capitalization, trade volume and listed companies. A study done on JSE revealed it as a semi-efficient market (Okeahalam and Jefferis 1999) which is one of the forms of efficient market hypothesis. Fioramonti and Poletti (2008) described South Africa as not only an emerging market but also one of the leading nations of the global south. This stock market started operations in 1887(Okeahalam and Jefferis, 1999) A detailed analysis of its stock market will no doubt illuminate on other African emerging markets and also give an idea about JSE market microstructure in comparison to other international markets. Research Questions and Objectives Research Questions Do a relationship exist between beta, size and book-to-market equity be used to explain cross-sectional average stock returns in using South Africa data? How important is risk in stock market returns in South African? Are beta, size and book-to-market equity appropriate measures of risk in using South Africa obtained from JSE? If a relationship exists, to what extent do each variable explain average returns? and Which of the variables is a more appropriate measure of risk and explains average returns of South Africa market? Research Objectives The objective of this research is to To explore the relationship that exists between beta, size and book-tomarket equity and returns in JSE To analyse the behaviour of risk in respect to stock market returns using South Africa data To identify and analyse if beta, size and book-to-market equity are appropriate measures of risk in JSE and which of the variables best explains average returns in this market Research Plan The research plan proposed is based on the choice of topic which centres on testing a popular asset pricing model in an African emerging market. Since this research aims to test Fama and French model (1992, 1995) on the explanatory factors that effect average stock returns using another scenario (South Africa data), it lies more towards theory testing and thus, a deductive study (Bryman and Bell c2007) would be more suitable. The research philosophy to be adopted for this research will embrace both the principles of positivist and interpretivist approach. These approaches are widely related to social sciences, business and management research. A positivist approach observes social reality in order to make an inference or generalisation based on findings to establish or explain underlying relationships between variables. In such an approach the researcher can do little to alter the substance of data collected and so the process of data collection is external (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill c2007: 103). According to Quinton and Smallbone (2006: 18), the positivist approach seeks to provide an explanation for an event in an organisation while the interpretivist approach tries to understand the event. The interpretivist approach involves interpreting the social world in which we live in to order and make adjustments where necessary (Bryman and Bell c2007: 107). This research will be associated mainly with the positivist approach since the variables under consideration such as stock returns, book value and market value which can be observed and quantified. Moreover, such an approach not only allows for the establishment of relationship between the variables based on the findings from their analysis, but is also objective. On the other hand, since these variables are economic factors which are influenced by man to an extent, it is also associated with the interpretivist approach. Moreover, the research aims to investigate the behaviour of stock return as to understand its relation with the other variables under study. There are a number of research designs or strategies that could be used for a research e.g. experimental design, cross-sectional design, longitudinal design, case study design and comparative design(Bryman and Bell c2007: 44). For this study, two research designs will be employed; longitudinal and case study designs. A longitudinal research design involves the study of a particular phenomenon over an extended period of time (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill c2007). This research design describe this research which will involve a sample of period of 20 years ( from June 1987 to July 2007) that will be divided into sub-periods, in order to discover patterns that will aid in valid judgements. Usually, such a design has more external validity than experimental design since it relies on empirical data. But care has to be taken to avoid errors in the selection process of the companies listed on JSE whose stock return will be analysed, so that the sample chosen is a clear representation of the entire population (Smith 2003). A case study design on the other hand, is a research strategy that entails the detailed and intensive analysis of a single case where emphasises is upon the examination of a setting (Bryman and Bell c2007: 62). In such an instance, the researcher usually seeks to illuminate the unique future of a case (Jewell 2008: 74). In the case of this research, the analysis is on Johannesburg Stock Market in South Africa. According to Yin (1994: 38), such a research could be described as a single-case study which is appropriate for theory testing, a unique and revelatory case. One of the limitations of case study lies in proving that findings can be generalised to a wider universe and are not only unique to the case under study. As a result of this, Yin argues that a multi-case study is more preferable. Both longitudinal and case study design will be relevant for this research which could be considered a case study research with a longitudinal element of analysing archival or historical stock and company information to make inference. Major limitations of such a research are associated with the data collected for studies. Historical data of stock returns in some databases, which this research will rely on for data collection, may exclude some current companies, nonsurviving companies (merged, acquired or bankrupt), data may not be up-to-date and complete (Smith 2003). Thus, care has to be taken in order to capture reliable and comprehensive sources of data. The data collection method to be employed in this research will be mainly from secondary data sources. The advantage of using this type of data is that it is easier to analyse; less time consuming; and more economical and cost-efficient; high quality data; and provides an opportunity for longitudinal study; amongst others than using primary data (Bryman and Bell c2007: 331-334). Saunders et al (c2007:248-262) has classified the types of secondary data and their uses in research into three categories; Documentary, Survey-based and Multi-source secondary data. My secondary data collection will be based on these sources. Documentary sources are divided into written and un-written materials. Written materials will be gotten from investment and stock market textbooks, academic journals in found electronic database consisting mainly of Business Source Premier and ScienceDirect (assess through Coventry University Library) to build more on the theoretical framework and investigate other previous studies for the critical review of literature. Newspapers such as Reuters, Bloomberg and Financial Times and their web-sites will also be a source for the written material so that recent statistical information can be captured as well. These sources, especially the journals, are peer-reviewed for quality and suitability and hence reliabl e. Survey-based data sources to be employed would be African Economic Research Corporation; Organisation for economic co-operation and development; international financial corporation and world federation of exchanges websites which are renowned. Multiple sources include times-series and area-based sources. Times-series source as well as area-based source for this research to obtain historical share information on all JSE shares will be collected from ShareNet Limited (The Sekunjalo Investment Group South Africa), I-Net Bridge (a stock broking firm) and Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). ISIN data as well as annual company reports will also be obtained from the databases managed by them of which I have gained access. These three sources will allow for comparison of data so important companies are not omitted and data errors are minimised. Despite the advantages of using secondary data collection methods, there are also inherent disadvantages as outlined by Bryman and Bell (c2007: 334-335). These data sources where not built with this type of research in mind, so I might not be total familiar with structure and contours of the data which may also contain some complexities. The quality of data from some of the sources also cannot be totally guaranteed. The sampling plan to be use will be non-probability sampling. This type of sampling may not be used to make statistical inference about the population but will make it possible to draw generalisations (Jewell 2008). It will also allow me to choose companies that will fit the norm of the research. The non-probability technique to be employed will be a purposive sampling since financial companies according to Fama and French (1992) have to be excluded since their book-to market equity ratios are interpreted differently from non-financial companies. A sample of 80 companies will be randomly selected from all the securities listed in JSE with available data covering the period under study. The companies will be selected from different industry groups so that it can be a fair representation of the entire population and not industry specific. This sample is restricted to companies on both i-net bridge and sharenet databases. The data collected will be mainly quantitative and will involve both bivariate and multivariate analysis (Jewell 2008: 89). A measure of central tendency, the median will be adopted to allocate the company stocks into big and small groups for the size effect. Pettengills (2002) cross-sectional regression analysis model of will be used to test the effects of beta, size and boo-to-market equity on average returns. Results will be represented mainly in tables and interpreted to make generalisations and conclusion. The research will be carried out in such a way as to have relevance and originality as to meet research criteria of validity, reliability, generalisability and transparency(Jewell 2008: 68-69). It will be valid as the research plan discussed so far has been carefully chosen as that the research questions are being addressed. Since this research is a test of model, the same approach and measurements embarked by Fama and French will be replicated to avoid errors. It will also be conducted in such a way that other researcher can replicate not only the study but also the results. But it should also be pointed out that since this research involves real time data and organisational structures that a prone to change, getting the exactly similar results may not be likely. But every step of the research will be properly documented so that the research is as transparent as possible. I hope the findings of this research can be applied to other emerging African countries. But it should be noted that since I cant control the variables investigated, it might be difficult to generalise in the end, unless these markets have the same microstructure. The limitations of this research as mentioned earlier will be centred mostly on data collection errors, and the results of the study may apply only to the period and market under study, making it difficult to generalise. Ethical Considerations The research will abide to regulations stated in the Faculty of Business, Environment and Society (BES) ethics handbook 2006-2007 of Coventry University which identifies its ethics procedure policies. I will complete the ethics checklist and compliance form at the end of this research which will be duly signed by my supervisor and I. Since my research involves mainly secondary data, it is exempt from any ethical issues inherent in primary data collection. But I will abide to the regulations of data protection act that may be applicable to some companies information that will be part of the sample collected for the study. References Akdeniz, L., Altay-Salih, A. and Aydogan, K. (2000) A Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. Russian East European Finance Trade 36, (5) 6 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=44466 64site=ehost-live Banz, R. W. (1981) The Relationship between Return and Market Value of Common Stocks. Journal of Financial Economics 9, (1) 3-18 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=12249 440site=ehost-live Black, F. (1972) Capital Market Equilibrium with Restricted Borrowing. Journal of Business 45, (3) 444-455 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=45863 40site=ehost-live Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (c2007) Business Research Methods. 2 edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press Burton, J. (1998) Revisiting the Capital Asset Pricing Model [online] available from lt;https://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/art/djam/djam.htm [3/2/ 2008] Corhay, A., Hawawini, G. and Michel, P. (1987) Seasonality in the Risk-Return Relationship: Some International Evidence. Journal of Finance 42, (1) 49- 68 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=46523 69site=ehost-live Elsas, R., El-Shaer, M. and Theissen, E. (2003) Beta and Returns Revisited: Evidence from the German Stock Market. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions Money 13, (1) 1 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=86237 51site=ehost-live Fama, E. F. and French, K. F. (1995) Size and Book-to-Market Factors in Earnings and Returns. Journal of Finance 50, (1) 131-155 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=95050 41632site=ehost-live Fama, E. F. and French, K. R. (1992) The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Finance 47, (2) 427-465 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=46525 46site=ehost-live Fama, E. F. and Macbeth, J. D. (1973) Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests. Journal of Political Economy 81, (3) 607 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=50539 12site=ehost-live Fioramonti, L. and Poletti, A. (2008) Facing the Giant: Southern Perspectives on the European Union. Third World Quarterly 29, (1) 167-180 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=27754 041site=ehost-live Fletcher, J. (2002) Examination of Conditional Asset Pricing in Uk Stock Returns. Financial Review 37, (3) 447-468 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=72341 67site=ehost-live Haugen, R. A. (1997) Modern Investment Theory. 4 edn. London: Prentice Hall International Hawawini, G. A., Michel, P. A. and Corhay, A. (1985) New Evidence on Beta Stationarity and Forecast for Belgian Common Stocks. Journal of Banking Finance 9, (4) 553-560 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=11488 597site=ehost-live Hawawini, G. A., Michel, P. A. and Viallet, C. J. (1983) An Assessment of the Risk and Return of French Common Stocks. Journal of Business Finance Accounting 10, (3) 333-350 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=45596 54site=ehost-live Ho, R. Y.-W., Strange, R. and Piesse, J. (2006) On the Conditional Pricing Effects of Beta, Size, and Book-to-Market Equity in the Hong Kong Market. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 16, (3) 199-214 available from lt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VGT-4H0S1GF- 1/2/c9218d85455b1deb757467cccf2a15c1 Jewell, S. (2008) How to Write a Research Proposal and Tips for Tackling Your Dissertation. Unpublished: Coventry University Keim, D. B. (1983) Size-Related Anomalies and Stock Return Seasonality: Further Empirical Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics 12, (1) 13-32 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=12243 366site=ehost-live Levis, M. and Liodakis, M. (2001) Contrarian Strategies and Investor Expectations: The U.K. Evidence. Financial Analysts Journal 57, (5) 43 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=54675 19site=ehost-live Lintner, J. (1965) Security Prices, Risk, and Maximal Gains from Diversification. Journal of Finance 20, (4) 587-615 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=46566 97site=ehost-live Lintner, J. (1969) The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets: A Reply. Review of Economics Statistics 51, (2) 222-224 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=46431 49site=ehost-live Morelli, D. (2007) Beta, Size, Book-to-Market Equity and Returns: A Study Based on Uk Data. Journal of Multinational Financial Management 17, (3) 257-272 available from lt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VGV-4MK5GM4- 2/2/b5633ef62e0216b6aebe652a50be265b Mossin, J. (1966) Equlibrium in a Capital Asset Market. Econometrica 34, (4) 768-783 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=68575 27site=ehost-live Okeahalam, C. C. and Jefferis, K. R. (1999) An Event Study of the Botswana, Zimbabwe and Johannesburg Stock Exchange. South African Journal of Business Management 30, (4) 131 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=30346 81site=ehost-live Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2008) African Economic Outlook [online] available from lt;https://www.oecd.org/about/0,3347,en_2649_15162846_1_1_1_1_1,00.ht ml [2/2/ 2008] Pettengill, G. M. and Sundaram, S. (1995) The Conditional Relation between Beta and Returns. Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 30, (1) 101-116 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=95050 25120site=ehost-live Quinton, S. and Smallbone, T. (2006) Postgraduate Research in Business a Critical Guide. London: Sage Publications Redhead, K. (2003) Introducing Investments a Personal Finance Approach. Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall Rutterford, J. and Davison, M. (2007) An Introduction to Stock Exchange Investment. 3 edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (c2007) Research Methods for Business Students. 4 edn. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall Sharpe, W. F. (1964) Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. Journal of Finance 19, (3) 425-442 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=66374 96site=ehost-live Smith, M. (2003) Research Methods for Accounting [online]: Sage Publications Inc. Available from lt;https://site.ebrary.com/lib/coventry/Top?channelName=coventrycpage=1 docID=10080989f00=textfrm=smp.xhitsPerPage=10layout=docum entp00=business+research+methodssch=%A0%A0%A0%A0%A0Sear ch%A0%A0%A0%A0%A0sortBy=scoresortOrder=desc [10/2/2008] Wang, Y. and Di Iorio, A. (2007) The Cross Section of Expected Stock Returns in the Chinese a-Share Market. Global Finance Journal 17, (3) 335-349 available from lt;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W4F- 4MC71KF-1/2/a2d3ec118ac7d314bf17f5551fc1a923 Yan-Leung, C., Kie-Ann, W. and Yan-Ki, H. (1993) The Pricing of Risky Assets in Two Emerging Asian MarketsKorea and Taiwan. Applied Financial Economics 3, (4) 315-324 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=57456 61site=ehost-live Yin, R. K. (1994) Case Study Research Designs and Methods. 2 edn. Thousand Oaks, CA ; London: Sage Publications Yue-Cheong, C. (1997) Multivariate Testing of the Capital Asset Pricing Model in the Hong Kong Stock Market. Applied Financial Economics 7, (3) 311-316 available from lt;https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=97091 21237site=ehost-live
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Essay Jane Eyre As A Modern Woman - 778 Words
Jane Eyre as a Modern Woman nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the course of Charlotte Bronteââ¬â¢s novel, Jane Eyre, Jane is used as a representation of a modern woman. Jane does many things which women of her time didnââ¬â¢t do. She started reading as a little girl. This was a talent that most women at the time didnââ¬â¢t acquire throughout their entire lives. She learned how to write, also. This, too, was a skill most women of that time did not possess. Perhaps the biggest reason why Jane is a modern woman is because she takes matters into her own hands. She is in complete control of her life and her destiny. Most women of that time were completely dependent on their husbands for everything. Jane Eyre represents Charlotte Bronteââ¬â¢s idea ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Next, Charlotte Bronte shows that Jane represents her idea of a modern woman because she can write. Most women of that time would spend their time sewing or housekeeping, but not Jane. She learned how t o write at school, and she wrote instead of sewing and housekeeping. For example, Jane uses her writing to better her life. She does this by writing an advertisement which states sheââ¬â¢s a governess and she gets a new job at Thornfield. ââ¬Å"With earliest day, I was up: I had my advertisement written, enclosed, and directed before the bell rang to rouse the school...nearer to my own age.--89â⬠Another example of Janeââ¬â¢s writing was when she was a student at Lowood. She explains that she was writing and figuring out sums on her slate before she dropped it. ââ¬Å"One afternoon (I had then been three weeks at puzzling over a sum in long division,...they thus greeted.--64â⬠This is another way Charlotte Bronte shows that Jane is her idea of a modern woman. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Finally, Charlotte Bronte shows that Jane represents her idea of a modern woman because she is independent. This is the main reason why Jane is a modern woman. Unlike other women, sheââ¬â¢s not dependent on a man to provide for her. She provides for herself because she is a modern day working woman. Back then, it was almost impossible to find a workingShow MoreRelatedHow Does Jasper Fforde s The Eyre Affair Testify?1419 Words à |à 6 PagesHow does Jasper Ffordeââ¬â¢s The Eyre Affair testify to the importance of reading in the formation of oneââ¬â¢s self-identity? Many aspects contribute to the formation of a personââ¬â¢s self-identity. Whether it be their surroundings, their culture, their language, or even otherââ¬â¢s personal identities, they all shape oneââ¬â¢s perception of the world, the self-imposed rules surrounding them, and where they believe they belong within it. This world is encompassed with stories, and they contribute to the fabricationRead MoreJane Eyre Essay1323 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"I am no bird; and no net ensnares me; I am a free human being with an independent will.â⬠(Bronte, Jane Eyre). This quote expresses Charlotteââ¬â¢s beliefs on womenââ¬â¢s equalities. Charlotte Bronte was born in 1816. She was one of six children and lived in Yorkshire County England. She first worked as a governess in the Sidewick family then in the White family for only nine months. Charlotte wanted more for herself, and none of her jobs satisfied her ambitions. When she moved back home, she discoveredRead MoreJane Ey re By Charlotte Bronte1601 Words à |à 7 Pagesfinancial prospects or social standing matter in a modern feminist perspective? If she could speak, a modern feministââ¬â¢s beliefs would likely shock her, so to interpret this novel as feminist, one must see it through the lens of the time and place Brontà « wrote it. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â¬â¢s Jane Eyre was a feminist work in that Bronte expressed disdain for oppressive gender structures through the voice of Jane Eyre, and the actions of Bertha Mason. Jane Eyre was a steamy novel for its time, with imagery asRead MoreEssay on Criticisms of Jane Eyre1615 Words à |à 7 PagesCriticisms of Jane Eyre The major criticisms of the novel in question to be the melodrama used by the author and the wickedness of character shown in Jane and Mr. Rochester. While most critics admired the style of writing and truth of character portrayal, they did not admire the improbability of circumstances or the characters portrayed. Elizabeth Rigby (later Lady Eastlake) was probably the harshest critic, calling Jane Eyre ââ¬Å"the personification of an unregenerate and undisciplinedRead MoreComparing Wide Sargasso Sea and Jane Eyre Essay1325 Words à |à 6 PagesWide Sargasso Sea is an interesting relation to Jane Eyre. The female character of Jane Eyre forms into a furiously, passionate, independent young woman. The female character of Jean Rhysââ¬â¢s illustration is a character that Jane will know further on as Rochesterââ¬â¢s crazy wife who is bolted in an attic. Jean Rhys further studies this character, where as Charlotte Bronte approved that it was left explained (Thorpe 175). Antoinette, considerably like Jane, evolves in a world with minimal amount of loveRead MoreComparison of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre and the DH Lawrences Horse Dealers Daughter1260 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Women as Outsiders: A Comparison Of Jane Eyre and The Horse Dealers Daughter Women are often portrayed as a marginalized other or outsider in literature, reflecting the degree to which they are outside the traditional patriarchal concepts of authority and power as well as (for much of Western history) outside the practical and legal means of self-sufficiency and self-direction. As the times have shifted, the particular perspective and definition of women as outsiders has also changed, asRead MoreJane Eyre : A Fight For Women s Equality1749 Words à |à 7 Pages Jane Eyre: A Fight for Womenââ¬â¢s Equality Feminism: the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men (dictionary.com). Throughout history, women have fought for and struggled with gaining full and absolute equality in society--which has proven to be difficult in the long-cultivated patriarchal society that we still live in today. In modern times, women continue to be paid less than men, are vastly underrepresented, and face many forms of violence aroundRead MoreThe Pursuit of Human Freedom in Kate Chopinââ¬â¢s The Awakening and Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â¬â¢s Jane Eyre1749 Words à |à 7 PagesIn Kate Chopinââ¬â¢s The Awakening and Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â¬â¢s Jane Eyre, one of the most prevalent and recurring themes and ideas relates to human freedom. The main characters in the two novels, Edna Pontellier and Jane Eyre, both long for social, religious, and sexual emancipation among other things ââ¬â freedom from the constraints of Victorian society, which have rendered them dependent and inferior to men. While it is true that both protagonists of their respective novels wanted emancipation, their livingRead MoreJane Eyre s Inner Conflict884 Words à |à 4 PagesJaneââ¬â¢s Inner Conflict In the novel Jane Eyre, Jane is often taken forced to make life changing decisions. Her decisions not only affect her own life and those around her, but also provide a model of a modern woman who is free from the social expectations for women living in her era. From a young age, Jane was taught the mindset that she must be independent and fight for her place. She was neglected as a child while living at Gateshead and often left to fend for herself. She was frequently lockedRead MoreTrapped in the Red Room: A Look into the Mind of the Original Mrs. Rochester1399 Words à |à 6 PagesMrs. Rochester ââ¬Å"One is very crazy when in loveâ⬠(Freud). Freud made this statement nearly one hundred years ago. As one of the founders of modern psychology what would he have to say about the mad woman in the attic? Was she mad, in love, suffering from hysteria, or simply a product of nature versus nurture? Neither of which were very kind to her. In Jane Eyre we as the readers are presented with a singular perspective in nearly true to form autobiographical narrative. From Janeââ¬â¢s viewpoint and from
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
A Compare and Contrast of the Kindle Fire and the Nook Tablet
Compare and Contrast Lisa Connor COM/155 February 19, 2011 Dana Smith Compare and Contrast Scores of consumers are discussing the two well-known reading tablets called the Kindle Fire and the Nook Tablet. Shoppers are trying to determine which e-reader offers the best quality and features. After conducting an objective study, considerable elements were accurately established in relation to these products. The Kindle Fire and the Nook Tablet have many similarities; however, they show noticeable differences within the content, ease of use, battery life, and storage. The greatest difference between these two products is in relation to content. The Kindle Fire has a generous selection of applications whereas the Nook Tabletââ¬Ësâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Kindle Fire offers 8 GB of internal memory. After it is configured, the Kindle Fire is shown to have 6GB for buyers to maneuver and stage-manage as they desire. In addition, the Kindle Fire provides a handy online tool labeled as Cloud Storage which allows unlimited storing capabilities to Kindle and Amazon users. In contrast, the Nook Tablet advertises 32 GB of internal storage but after a full-review of the Nook Tablet, only a lone gigabyte is available for optimal use; the other 12 GB are set aside for content which can only be purchased from Barnes and Nobles stores (Johnston, 2011). However, the Nook Tablet gains some position for having an (empty) micro SD card slot available for its users. After weighing up the difference between the storage within these gadgets (coming in their original form) the Nook Tablet s storage appears to be somewhat deceptive (Moz, 2011). In terms of deception the storage wasn t the only feature that misled buyers of the Nook Tablet and Kindle Fire. After a careful examination of the battery function on either tablet, the battery life duration for each e-reader had to be determined by more than one factor. The Nook Tablet offers nine full hours of battery use. The Kindle Fire advertises seven and a half hours of battery life when in reality it provides no more than six full hours (Johnston, 2011). The Kindle Fireââ¬â¢s battery lasts longer only if the user is reading anShow MoreRelatedMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words à |à 264 PagesGartner Research, and other industry sources. Whatââ¬â¢s New in E-commerce 2014 E-commerce today is greatly different from e-commerce only five years ago. The iPhone was introduced in 2007. The iPad tablet was first introduced in 2010 and has already gone through several generations! The smartphone and tablet devices have changed e-commerce into a social, local, and mobile experience. The 10th edition spotlights the following themes and content: Headlines â⬠¢ Social, Mobile, Local: We have included
Research Proposal on Efficient Information Hiding Techniques Using Ste
Question: Describe about the Research Proposal on Efficient Information Hiding Techniques Using Steganography. Answer: Introduction The increase in the number of attacks during the exchange of information electronically has given rise to a number of applications and mechanisms for protecting against such cyber threats. Steganography is a technique used for hiding messages (Zielinska, Mazurczyk and Szczypiorski 2014). There are different categories of steganography including images, text, protocol as well as audio or video. There are several approaches to apply steganography for hiding such different types of information. Problem Statement The use of steganography is useful for encrypting confidential information before electronically exchanging so as to protect against unwanted stealing or hacking of valuable data. More precisely, the main purpose of implementing steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the presence of a particular hidden information or message (Wang, Wei and Han 2015). This approach of steganography for hiding message has been rapidly becoming popular in several application areas such as digital audio, images, videos that contain hidden copyright notice or serial number or preventing against direct and unauthorized copying. Research Questions The research questions formulated for the present study will be as follows: What are the different techniques of information hiding using steganography? How can security tool based on steganographic techniques be implemented for hiding information containing image and text files? Background / Literature Review / Related Work Several steganography techniques can be applied for hiding messages in multimedia objects. However, some of the common approaches involve masking and filtering; transform techniques and least significant bit (LSB) insertion (Hamid et al. 2012). The goal of steganography is communicating in a secure and undetectable manner, thereby avoiding suspicion to the electronic exchange of hidden data. Transform techniques modulates the coefficients in a transform domain for embedding the message (Pandit, Khope and Student 2016). It includes Wavelet Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform or Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) applied in JPEG compression. Masking and filtering techniques marks the image to hide data. It is significantly similar to the method of paper watermarks and is generally restricted to images that are gray scale and 24 bits. LSB insertion uses an approach to directly embed the bits of the message into the LSB plane of the cover image in a specific sequence. Methodology The research method will be based on a secondary analysis of previous studies and results as well as an experimental study. Therefore, it will follow a deductive approach with a descriptive research design for exploring the different steganographic techniques already in use. After that, the researcher will dive into an empirical implementation of a security tool using steganography is applied on information that includes audio and text data. Conclusion The study will contain a detail analysis of the present techniques and approaches of steganography for increasing information confidentially, privacy and security by protecting against digital theft or attacks. The different approaches will be discussed with particular concentration on the LSB approach along with its advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the researcher will attempt to implement one approach to hide information containing audio or text or both. References Hamid, N., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R.B. and Al-Qershi, O.M., 2012. Image steganography techniques: an overview.International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS),6(3), pp.168-187. Pandit, A.S., Khope, S.R. and Student, F., 2016. Review on Image Steganography.International Journal of Engineering Science,6115. Wang, X., Wei, C. and Han, X., 2015. Steganography forensics method for detecting least significant bit replacement attack.Journal of Electronic Imaging,24(1), pp.013016-013016. Zielinska, E., Mazurczyk, W. and Szczypiorski, K., 2014. Trends in steganography.Communications of the ACM,57(3), pp.86-95.
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Writing a Free Self Concept Essay - Tips and Ideas
Writing a Free Self Concept Essay - Tips and IdeasWriting a free self concept essay should be one of the first steps you take as you prepare to go to college. You will want to make a strong first impression, and by knowing what to write and how to structure your essay, you will be able to have a much better chance of being accepted into your top choice schools. This is the first time you will apply for admission, so your essays will show you what kind of student you are. In this article, we will discuss a few concepts you should know to have a much better chance of writing a good essay.The first concept you should know about is that your essay should have a pre-determined theme. A lot of colleges want their applicants to have an interest in something or some subject. They will want your concept essay to be something you really care about. So as you go through the list of essay topics, start to think about the things that matter to you.A great idea is to write about something you are passionate about. So if you are really into sports, then that may be the best topic for you. Other topics that have been used with success include religion, world events, political concerns, or personal interests.When writing your essay, you will want to make sure that the topic you choose is something that is part of your life already. If it isn't, consider expanding on it. It would be good to consider your favorite subject at home to see if you have an interest in it already.After you have chosen a topic, you will need to put the ideas you have together in your essay. You should be able to give an idea of what your concept essay will cover. You should be able to talk about what you know or have done, about a certain topic. You should also describe how you want to use what you know to help the world.Once you are ready to get started, you can check out some sample topics online. Look at the various essay samples and see what is included. Sometimes these are the same topics as other sample topics, but there is a certain theme that seems to always work. There is no set way to find a good topic, so just be sure that you understand what it is you want to talk about.You will also want to be sure that you clearly state your basic fact. You don't want to end up with an essay that is so confusing that you look like a complete dummy. Always make sure you have all the facts in place.
Saturday, April 4, 2020
What to Expect From Demonstration Essay Topics?
What to Expect From Demonstration Essay Topics? Following topics are entirely predictable you will discover enough sources to write about, and you're very likely to relish your research. References ought to be clearly mentioned. Choosing the right topics might take a while in case you don't have a list of sample topics facing you. There are many techniques that could help you to select a topic. Ask whether there are any questions. There's no point if one selects a topic that isn't even understandable. If you don't understand how much you're going to be allowed, seek clarification. Show the activities or moves you need to make in a logical chronological purchase. The secret to success is persistence. Describe some tasks that you've accomplished over the last two years which have no connection to academic studies. At precisely the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a great cause and effect essay topic. Write legibly in ink so the evaluators will have the ability to read your writing. Our experts are always prepared to help you! Don't be fearful of the old-fashioned interface what distracts other students provides you a distinctive and valuable resource! For improving the standard of writing, students may refer to numerous sample papers offered in the library and also for free internet. Since you may see, the process is everywhere the same. There are a couple of easy guidelines to follow as a way to be in a position to compose a great persuasive essay. You still have to compose a mass media essayand you have to begin on it pretty soon in case you wish to have it done before the deadline! The writing procedure is universal. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a challenging thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. Therefore your choice may be limited to what you will likely finish. On-line assistance from expert writers will help save you a plenty of time. Ensure whatever you will need is organised in a way which will force you to write efficiently. Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most useful activity for kids for their general personality development. Government should control the country's email communication. Colleges are interested in a feeling of maturity and intros pectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. The most critical part of the speech is the demonstration. As a way to select a productive demonstration speech topic, be sure to consider your interests, audience, and what visual aids are readily available. Above, you will discover useful suggestions on how best to select a topic and compose the body of your demonstration speech. Is it true that the paparazzi help or hinder the goal of totally free press. Demonstration Essay Topics Secrets Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. You'll quickly discover that a tiny discussion can go quite a distance. You always intuitively understand once an intriguing essay idea is in fact the very best idea for you. When you are requested to pick a great topic for your a rgument, start with something you're familiarized with. What Has to be Done About Demonstration Essay Topics Before It Is Too Late It is preferable to grow up in a family with a lot of brothers and sisters. There isn't a prompt to direct you, and that means you must ask yourself the questions that will get at the center of the story you would like to tell. Very often it becomes tough to choose 1 topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Persuade your sister or brother that will help you talk your parents into something you would like to do. What Is So Fascinating About Demonstration Essay Topics? The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying current with what's going on in the world is really going to help you think of ideas. Fortunately, you'll locate a great deal of demonstration speech topic ideas online. Really, for the majority of us it doesn't really matter in addition to the standard and services information provided via the webhost is a good deal more important. You likely have lots of processes and skills that you believe would be valuable for others to understand how to do, but it doesn't indicate that any topic you pick will be advisable for your circumstance. Demonstration Essay Topics at a Glance Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. It isn't very easy to compose a how-to essay. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go right to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Do not seem through the topics before you opt for. Before you begin, it is essential to choose topics that you truly know well.
Monday, March 9, 2020
Topic For Writing a Narrative Essay - You Must Know What Topics to Use
Topic For Writing a Narrative Essay - You Must Know What Topics to UseWriting a narrative essay is considered one of the most important skills for students to acquire in an English class. This skill is so essential to any teacher and student, that to not have it is to let down your class; but how can you write a narrative essay if you don't know what topics to use?I would like to help you come up with a good story to tell to your class, and then give you the option to incorporate some of the best parts into your own story. But, before we get started, let's talk about what a story is, and why it is important to write a narrative essay. A story is not just a bunch of words and facts, but the way you tell it matters a lot.What makes a true story? Is it really true? I would say that to find out, you need to hear it yourself. So how do you go about hearing your own story, and which stories are best suited for narrative essays?The first step is to listen to the oral history of someone who' s lived through a certain period of time. For example, there was a person that lived through the Civil War. From what they said, they are definitely good at telling their stories, because they were able to describe the times they lived through with clarity and precision.Do you want to hear some great stories from this person? Go online and search for their name, and pick the first site that gives you a good audio recording. Listen to it, and read it cover to cover. Most of the time, the person that lives it, just provides the introduction to the story, and then lets you read along.Now, listen to a few more stories from this person, and notice how the stories don't seem to sound like any of the stories you've heard before. Then try getting a friend to sit in on the discussion to get a feel for the tone of the conversation.These stories from oral history are great for starting a conversation in a class, or for reading into your students that have the ability to tell stories. As a writ er, the challenge is figuring out how to start a conversation with this new way of telling the story. The way to get them to talk is by having a character that they relate to, and they are interested in.Another story that can be used is from the school bulletin. School announcements will always have a few paragraphs detailing a little bit about the event that took place in the school, and how the students reacted to it. Here, you are going to be given the chance to add some information to the story, so you can use that story in your narrative essay.
Sunday, January 26, 2020
If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program
If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Explained There are hundreds and hundreds of students applying from all around the world with similar application to yours. A little one needs certain conditions to be able to live. If you wish to find high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. The parents might not be in a position to supply the financial and emotional support to the kid. Let's take a quick glance at them. Having found the side that you're standing for, you will need to be sure you comprehend the viewpoint of the opposite side. Today's lesson might be a bit dull, but it's crucial for future work. A Secret Weapon for Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will requi re a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. If you wish to figure out how to compose an excellent persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct place! There are numerous essay writing services that think they're the very best, and thus don't be cheated and check the authentic collection of the very best. You should incorporate a distinct phrase for every one of your topics of assessment. The significance of research in persuasive writing may not be overstated. You may trust us to give expert aid for many of your academic writing needs. The objective of brainstorming is to help you receive ideas. New Questions About Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program At times the essay is referred to as a personal statement. Sample persuasive essays can also give inspiration on topics to write on in addition to serve as examples about how to compose your essay. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. As soon as your writing is finished, be certain to have an editor review your essay for you. When you settle on this issue and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Just comply with the guidelines stated above, and you're going to be well on your way to writing a great persuasive essay. On occasion the essay is referred to as a personal statement, sometimes it's referred to as a statement of purpose, and at times the instructions are as straightforward as write an essay. Your own personal statement should show us that you're the ideal person for the program. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to choose a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. See that the objective of a persuasive speech is like the purpose for writing an argumentative or persuasive essay. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning in addition to the full thought of your essay might be incomprehensible. Without a thesis, it's not possible that you present a productive argument. All of the principal points ought to be concisely mentioned in the preview. The principal component which creates a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. As you learn your worth, you will be able to set up standards and make healthful boundaries. Topic sentences clearly state the use of the paragraph. Examples might also be included in each one of the body paragraphs to additional support and clarify your principal points. Students should settle on which position they need to take based upon the number and caliber of the points they're ready to come up with to support their position. The History of Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Refuted Your readers should know that you're serious in regards t o the degree program. In nearly all high schools, your capability of writing this kind of essay is going to be evaluated in class. Generally, schools will assign the things that they call prompts, which are focused questions that you want to answer in detail. While attempting to know how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another crucial activity. In general, they are asked to write assignments that take between half an hour and a whole hour. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. Life After Statement of Purpose Essay Samples for Teaching Program Nobody is supposed to take a person's life since they didn't give life. Folks realize the worth of good well-being, and that is the reason why folks are spending a good deal of time doing research searching for the cure to various illnesses. Folks that are focused on money find themselves working all of the time they don't have time to do the things they enjoy. Men and women who possess plenty of money have more things than others that have a moderate vo lume.
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